Long before the Republic of Latvia came into existence, there were many different ruling entities in the area. Latvia has been occupied by Baltic, Germanic, Polish, Swedish, and Russian forces. The most active castle builders were the Livonian Order of the Germanic Knights. From the 12th to the 16th century, the Livonian tribes built hundreds of castles throughout present day Latvia. A lot of the structures lie in ruins today, but many have been preserved and restored to their historical specifications. There are also many beautiful palaces on the Latvian countryside that were constructed after the fall of the Livonian civilization. It is simple to rent a car and tour the old world sites because Latvia is a relatively small country.

Castle of Turaida

The most impressive of the Livonian castles is in Turaida. Easily accessible by car, the castle rests just outside Sigulda city only 50 km from Riga. The castle grounds feature a huge climbable lookout tower with amazing views of the Gauja River and the Gauja National Park. There is also an old wooden church and an impressive sculpture park adjacent to the castle.

Wenden Castle of Cesis

About 100 km from Riga is the Wenden castle in the city of Cesis. The remarkable stone structure was built in the early 13th century and has stood up to the test of time.
It has been destroyed and rebuilt 3 times in its long history and today it provides visitors with a great medieval experience and educational museum.

Bauska Castle

Another short drive from Riga is Bauska Castle. The old ruins are currently being restored, but much of the area is open to the public including the lofty central guard tower. From the top, visitors get a great view of the confluence between the Musa and Memele Rivers.

Rundale Palace

After the tour of Bauska Castle, make the easy drive to Rundale Palace. Just 15 km east of the castle ruins is this exquisite 18th century palace. It was finished in 1768 as a summer home for the Courland leaders. During WWI, the palace sustained considerable damage and was taken over by the Republic of Latvia. In the succeeding years, it served as low rent apartments and an elementary school. In 1933, the State Museum institution took custody and began the restoration process. WWII brought the renovations to a complete halt, but resumed again in 1972. The Rundale Palace is still being restored and maintained and serves as one of the best sights in all of Latvia.